Annex 27 - Selected Issues on CO₂ as a Working Fluid in Compression Systems

 

Abstract

This project focuses solely on CO2 as a working fluid in compression systems. The main objective is to bring CO2 heat pumping technology closer to commercialisation, by addressing critical issues of both a basic and applied character. One of the activities was to compile existing information and present it as a concise state-of-the-art analysis in the final report.

 

Introduction
This project focused solely on CO₂ as a working fluid in compression systems. It iwas in many ways a continuation of one of the subject areas covered in the project Compression Systems with Natural Working Fluids (Annex 22).
Research and development of CO₂ technology has been initiated in many countries around the world. By addressing problem areas common to many of the ongoing research programmes, this project will attract interest from a substantial number of manufacturers and research organisations worldwide.

• Start date: 1 April 1999
• End date: May 2003

Objectives
The main objective of this project was to bring CO₂ heat pumping technology closer to commercialisation, by addressing critical issues of both a basic and applied character. It is important to involve industry, particularly manufacturers, as well as research institutes in this process.

Project manager and participating countries
The project manager (the so-called Operating Agent) was Norway acting through SINTEF Energy Research. Participating countries in this activitiy are: Japan, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and the USA. National contact(s) can be found here. ›››

 

Activities
This project aimed to address unsolved problems and issues. One of the activities was to compile existing information and present it as a concise state-of-the-art analysis in the final report. This analysis, of course, formed also the starting point for work to be done. More information can also be found at the website of Annex 27.
In order to accomplish the project's objectives, the following activities needed to be completed by either the participants, the manager of the project (the so-called Operating Agent) and the Heat Pump Centre:

• Participants’ activities

  1. State-of-the-art analysis on selected issues

  2. Theoretical study of selected issues

  3. Experimental study of issues

  4. Reporting to the Operating Agent

  5. Contributing to the organisation of workshops

   

• Project manager’s activities
  

  6. Coordinating the work

  7. Organising annual working meetings

  8. Organising workshops

  9. Issuing workshop proceedings

  10. Writing the final report

   

• Heat Pump Centre’s activities
  

  11. Assist in establishing the project

  12. Assist in organising workshops and issuing proceedings

  13. Publishing of the final report

Publications
Since the start of this project the following publication has been published:

The reduced price will be charged for countries participating in the project and Heat Pump Programme member countries. Click here for a list of the HPP member countries ›››.

• Selected Issues on CO₂ as Working Fluid in Compression Systems - Workshop Norway.
  Order No. HPP-AN27-1; Published February 2001. 140 Pages. Full price € 90 and reduced price € 30.
  This report contains the proceedings of a workshop (held in Trondheim, Norway, 18-19 September 2000) on CO₂ as a working fluid in compression systems. The proceedings are a useful information source for all those involved in CO₂ technology for heating, cooling, refrigeration and air-conditioning.
  

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• Selected Issues on CO₂ as Working Fluid in Compression Systems (final report)
  Order No. HPP-AN27-2; Published May 2004. Full price € 60 and reduced price € 20. Can be ordered as CD rom only. Embargo for non-participants until May 11 2006.
  This report contains results from 12 different research projects and an extensive literature survey. The report is a useful information source for all those involved in CO₂ technology for heating, cooling, refrigeration and air-conditioning.
  

  [Order the publication]

 

Last updated: 7 February 2004

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