Lyon
France - Groundwater-source heat pump
| Summary A groundwater-source heat pump installed in a new-built family allowance office in Lyon provides simultaneous heating and cooling. A COP of the heat pump at test conditions is 4.75 for heating and 3.75 for cooling. In the following this case study is compared to two other office buildings where heating and cooling is supplied by combinations of gas-fired boiler + chiller and a gas-fired boiler + absorption chiller. The energy consumption of the groundwater-source heat pump for heating and cooling is 28% lower than in the other office buildings. |
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| Also the CO2 emissions for heating and cooling compare favourably as they are over three times less than those for the other systems described. | ||
Building and design values
| Building type: | Office | |||
| Location: | Lyon, France | |||
| Year of construction: | 1997 | |||
| Number of storeys: | 5 (+ cellar) | |||
| Heated floor area (m2): | 16 633 | |||
| % of total floor area (%): | 94 | |||
| Design outdoor temperature (ºC) | Heating: | -8 | Cooling: | 32 |
| Design indoor temperature (ºC) | Heating: | 19 | Cooling: | 27 |
| Degree days | Heating: | 2 500 | Cooling: | No data |
| Base temperature for degree days (ºC) | Heating: | No data | Cooling: | No data |
Heating and cooling
| Application: | Space heating and cooling | |||
| Heat pump type(s): | Water-to-water (heating and cooling simultaneously) | |||
| Heat pump installed capacity (kW) | Heating: | 2 x 600 | Cooling: | 2 x 600 |
| Refrigerant: | R134a | |||
| Heat source | Groundwater (if the cooling and heating needs are not the same) | |||
| Details (circulating pumps): | Variable speed pumps on the water source and on the distribution | |||
| a) Type of ground heat exchanger: | - | |||
| b) Borehole depth (m): | - | |||
| c) Pipe length (m): | - | |||
| d) Heat transfer fluid: | Water | |||
| e) Flow rate (l/h): | 100 000 | |||
| Distribution system(s): | Fan coils (4 pipes) | |||
| Supply and return temperature (ºC) Summer (S) and winter (W) operation |
Heating: | Max. 45 | Cooling: | 7/12 (S); 10/12 (W) |
| Auxiliary system: | - | |||
| Heat pump design: | 100% of the cooling load | |||
| Supplementary system: | - | |||
| Heat pump system completion date: | 1997 | |||
Performance
| Heating and cooling energy (measured) | Heat pump | Aux. heating system | Auxiliaries |
| Energy input (kWh/year): | 490 259 | - | 328 293 |
| Energy output (kWh/year): | 2 108 114 | - | n/a |
| Energy cost (EUR/year): | 33 365 | - | 16 680 |
| Cost tariff (EUR/kWh): | 0.07 | - | 0.05 |
Different kWh cost depending on the hour of the day and on the season (winter/summer)
| Coefficient of performance (COP) | |
| Heating: | 4.75 |
| Test conditions: | 7°C/12°C; 30°C/35°C |
| Cooling: | 3.75 |
| Test conditions: | 7°C/12°C; 30°C/35°C |
| Heat pump cost breakdown | |
| Heat pump only (EUR): | 2 333 200 (total investment cost for the installation + ventilation) 336 000 (control for HVAC building systems) |
| Installation (EUR): | |
| Capital cost (excluding heat pump) (EUR): | |
| Maintenance: | No data |
| Alternative system (if has been considered) | No data |
| Fuel cost | No data |
| Payback | No data |
| CO2 emissions | The emissions of this system are 107 tons of CO2 in a year, including refrigerant leakage. This compares favourably to the emissions of the other alternatives for heating and cooling in the two other office
buildings: gas-fired boiler + chiller 373 tons, gas-fired boiler + absorption chiller 639 tons. (French kWh = 86g CO2/kWh) |
| Operational experience and other comments The variable speed pumps generate 50% of savings on the energy consumption of the pumps, the payback is about 3 years. The COP of the groundwater heat pump is quite high, annual COP > 4. The performance of the heat pump has been compared to two other systems, which have been installed in office buildings where heating and cooling is supplied with combinations of gas-fired boiler + chiller and gas-fired boiler + absorption chiller. Energy consumption of the groundwater source heat pump is 28% less than in the two other office buildings. The COP of the gas-fired boiler (efficiency 0.8) + chiller combination is 3 The efficiencies of the other combination are 0.8 for the gas-fired boiler and 0.85 for the absorption chiller. The CO2 emissions of the electric heat pump are 3 times less than those of the gas-fired systems for heating and cooling.
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Contacts
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Contact 1: |
José Naveteur |
| Company: | EDF R&D |
| Role: | Measurements |
| Address: | Département ADEB 77818 Morêt-sur-Loing cedex FRANCE |
| Telephone: | + 33 1 60 73 78 64 |
| Fax: | + 33 1 60 73 65 70 |
| Email: | jose.naveteur @ edf.fr |
| Last updated: 1 March 2004 |
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