Mobile Air Conditioning
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In this issue
Mobile Air Conditioning
Dear readers,
This summer has been warm in southern Europe, and with many people
travelling on vacation, the use of air conditioning in the cars is a blessing.
The use of airconditioning, however, leads to emissions both from leakage
and from the power needed for the AC. With many new regulations, the F-gas especially, car makers have a tough job to improve the AC. Some of the measures taken are reported on in this issue.
Roger Nordman
Editor
Heat Pump News
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Energy Globe 2006 The Romanian Geoexchange Society was awarded the Energy Globe 2006 national prize for the project ”Romania - a clean country in a clean Europe through geoexchange techno-logy”, and one of our founding members, ASA Holding SA, was also awarded the same prize for its project: ”Porsche’s choice - Energy under your feet”.
Japan to invest $1.7 billion on green cars The government fund will help companies develop cheaper and cleaner vehicles to cut the use of fossil fuels and reduce car emissions. Japan’s move follows a recent proposal to halve global greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. |
EU heat pumps ecolabel ecological criteria include
the use of HFCS National Competent Bodies in the EU for the EU Ecolabel have adopted the ecological criteria for the EU Heat Pumps Ecolabel. The criteria permit the use of refrigerants with a global warming potential (GWP) less than 2000, which includes most HFC refrigerants. The Ecolabel will cover all types of heat pumps, with a heat capacity up to 100 kW.
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Topical Articles
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DuPont Testing Validates Viable Low Global Warming Solution for
Mobile Air Conditioning
Dr. Barbara Minor, DuPont Fluoroproducts, USA In an effort to address global warming, the European Union (EU) enacted the F-Gas Regulation and directive that, among other restrictions, phases out the use of R-134a in mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems over the period 2011-2017. Some alternatives, like CO2, would require significant and costly redesign to MAC systems; however, others in development, like “DP-1” from DuPont, have the potential to be more viable, cost effective replacements for R-134a, due to low global warming potential (GWP), zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP), energy efficiency and closer compatibility with current MAC systems.
Refrigerated Transportation, Energy Consumption and Food supply in
China Having become the largest food production and consumption country in the world, China has a great demand for refrigerated transportation. This paper de-scribes the general situation of refrigerated transportation, and discusses the problems of energy consumption and saving, food safety and food supply chain. The paper also summarizes current research and the developing trend of refrigerated transportation, emphasising that energy saving and food safety are the two important problems and study fi elds at present and in future. |
R744 System for Heating and Cooling of Automobiles – Analysis of
Heat Pumps and Hot Gas Cycle |
Non - Topical Article
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Analysis of heat pump systems using the arsenal research
stand-ardised monitoring methodology
Heinrich Huber, Gernot Glasner, Austria The association of Austrian Electricity Companies has funded a project with the aim of developing, testing and evaluating a standard-ised monitoring methodology for heat pump systems. The results should provide a base for heat pump manufacturers, installers, energy providers, stakeholders and funding agencies. In view of political aspirations particularly in the fi eld of CO2 reduction, the application of renewable energy is a central topic. Heat pumps can thus signifi cantly contribute to a sustainable energy supply. |
Monitoring was split into three parts: Part 1 included a question-naire
regarding the non-measurable data, Part 2 consisted of a system for
continuous data collection and the recording of measured data, while
Part 3 included the develop-ment of a data base for the admini-stration
and evaluation of the measured data.
Nine heat pumps were monitored and analysed in the project. For reasons of comparability, only direct-expansion heat pumps were chosen. This report presents the monitoring methodology used in the arsenal research standards. The results of the fi rst measurements - analysis of the seasonal performance factor (SPF), energy costs and TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) - are described. In addition, there is a comparison of the pollutant emissions which result from the power generation for the operation of the heat pump and the emissions of a gas or oil boiler. |