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The role of heat pumps in future energy systems

Volume 27,
No.4/2009

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In this issue

The market for heat pumps is steadily increasing throughout the world. At the same time, large efforts are made to decrease the energy use in buildings through numerous regulations and directives. Passive house concepts and zero emissions buildings are also becoming increasingly popular. This could change the market conditions for heat pumps in the future. This issue presents some technologies and views on the role heat pumps could have in the future.
Enjoy your reading!

Roger Nordman
Editor, HPC Newsletter


Heat Pump News

EGEC presents national geothermal targets
EGEC (European Geothermal Energy Council) has presented national targets for geothermal heating & cooling and geothermal electricity in 2020. Recommendations on how to reach these targets will be presented in the beginning of 2010 in order to help EU Member States write their Renewable Action Plans (NREAPs).

Source:http://www.egec.org/index.html
(click on “News”, then see 4.12.09)

AHRI publishes standard for walk-in coolers and freezers
The Commercial Refrigerator Manufacturers Section of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) has approved the publication of AHRI Standard 1250-2009, Performance Rating of Walk-In Coolers and Freezers. The standard, which is available for free download at www.ahrinet.org, establishes definitions, test requirements, rating requirements, minimum data requirements for published ratings, operating requirements, marking and nameplate data, and conformance conditions for walk-in coolers and freezers.

Source: http://www.ahrinet.org/...

Pilot building energy labelling program launched by ASHRAE with leading owners and designers
A new program to inform building owners and operators, tenants and prospective buyers on the energy use of buildings, similar to nutrition labels on food or miles per gallon ratings on cars, was launched today to encourage the building industry to find ways to cut energy use and costs.

The Building Energy Quotient program, which will be known as Building EQ, will include both As Designed (asset) and In Operation (as operated) ratings for all building types, except residential. It also will provide a detailed certificate with data on actual energy use, energy demand profiles, indoor air quality and other information that will enable building owners to evaluate and reduce a building’s energy consumption. The program is administered by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).

Source: http://www.ashrae.org/...

Heat pump technology gains momentum in household applications
Since heat pumps are at the core of several household appliances, CECED, the European household appliance manufacturers’ association, has created a new issue group to support further technological development for the use of renewable resources in the household. Heat pumps are one of the fastest growing domestic technologies. They are part of heating, ventilation and air conditioners; recently their use was also extended to water heaters and dryers. This relevant technical development for sustainability needs to be better promoted towards policy makers in Europe and each member state.

Domestic heat pumps fall under the scope of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Directive which places declaration requirements on manufacturers as a way of promoting renewable energies.

The new issue group will focus on strengthening the representation of the technology used in domestic heat pumps at European level. The group will coordinate their activities with existing organisations to identify common heat pumps issues covering the renewable energy field in order to ensure full coherence of proposed policies.
Source: http://www.ceced.eu/...

EPA issues R-22 rules
The EPA has ‘pre-released’ two long-awaited final rules on the R-22 phase-out. This phase-out impacts contractors and the entire HVACR supply chain. The rules took effect on January 1, and can be found at EPA’s website (see below). ACCA (Air Conditioning Contractors of America) will release a ‘plain English’ analysis for its members as soon as possible.

One rule covers the production and consumption of HCFCs, including R-22, for 2010-2014; the other relates to the sale, installation and distribution of appliances pre-charged with R-22 on or after January 1, 2010. For more information see: http://www.epa.gov/...

Source: http://www.acca.org/...


Topical Articles

Challenging future of heat pumps
Vasile Minea, Canada

Air, ground and waste-source heat pumps recover pollution-free energy from surrounding air, earth and low-grade industrial waste heat. They save primary energy and reduce power demand for space heating and cooling, and for domestic hot water heating, with high utilization factors and coefficients of performance. Because about 30% of worldwide carbon emissions are from heating and cooling systems in buildings, future regulations will require their drastic reduction while converting residential and commercial buildings into low-energy constructions. During the next decades, building owners will certainly use more and more heat pumps among other energy efficiency devices. A heat pump retrofit market penetration of 30% by 2030 may reduce total global CO2 emissions by up to 8%. In the context of the declared global energy crisis, R&D and technological activities aiming at developing the next generation of heat pumps are numerous and very challenging.

Thermally driven heat pumps in future energy systems
Giovanni Restuccia, CNR-ITAE, Italy

This paper presents a short survey of closed-cycle, thermally driven heat pumps. Following a concise description of operating principles and of the main components of liquid absorption and solid adsorption technologies, a comparison of their main properties and performance is presented. Subsequently, different products commercially available are mentioned together with the main producers. Finally, a technology perspective is provided.

Heat pumps in future industrial processes
A.K. Wemmers, The Netherlands

Heat pumps are primarily associated with space heating. Given the future scarcity and environmental impact of fossil fuels, energy efficient technologies such as heat pumps have a bright future in industrial processes. This article describes the opportunities for industrial heat pumps and takes a look behind the scenes at new developments

The role of heat pumps in future energy systems
Takashi Yatabe, Japan

Violent fluctuations in crude oil prices, reviews of nuclear electric power generation in Europe and North America and controversial energy nationalism in resource-rich nations demonstrate the enormous changes in the energy situation. Regarding related issues, heat pumps are described as renewable energy in an EU Directive that came into force in June 2009, and which EU member countries must enact into law. In Japan, “renewable energy source” is defined in the “Enforcement Order of the Act on the Promotion of the Use of Non-fossil Energy Sources and Effective Use of Fossil Energy Source Material by Energy Suppliers”, and aerothermal energy is listed among them. The use of aerothermal, geothermal and hydrothermal energy in energy-poor European countries and Japan is equivalent to finding inexhaustible clean oil fields in the atmosphere or underground.